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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Imaging kidney inflammation using an oxidatively activated MRI probe.

Ivy A Rosales¹, Iris Yuwen Zhou², Ilknur Ay²

¹Department of Pathology, Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Kidney International

|June 20, 2024

Summary

New MRI contrast agent Fe-PyC3A detects kidney inflammation by identifying an oxidizing microenvironment. This imaging tool shows promise for diagnosing inflammatory kidney diseases, potentially reducing the need for biopsies.

Keywords:

MRI inflammation ischemia reperfusion lupus nephritis

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

Published on: October 20, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomedical Imaging
Renal Medicine
Immunology

Background:

Kidney inflammation diagnosis often relies on invasive biopsies or biochemical tests.
Inflammatory kidney diseases create an oxidizing microenvironment due to myeloid immune cell infiltration.
Novel imaging techniques are needed to non-invasively assess kidney inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a redox-active iron complex (Fe-PyC3A) as a marker for kidney inflammation.
To assess the specificity of Fe-PyC3A for the oxidizing conditions present in inflamed kidneys.
To preliminarily examine the safety of Fe-PyC3A.

Main Methods:

Utilized mouse models of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and lupus nephritis (MRL-lpr mice).
Administered Fe-PyC3A and gadoterate meglumine (control) for MRI.
Compared MRI signal enhancement in inflamed vs. healthy kidneys and in wild-type vs. knockout mice (gp91phox-/-).

Main Results:

Fe-PyC3A showed significantly greater MRI signal enhancement in IRI kidneys compared to contralateral kidneys in wild-type mice.
This enhancement was absent in NOX2-deficient mice, indicating specificity to myeloid oxidative activity.
Fe-PyC3A demonstrated greater kidney enhancement in MRL-lpr mice compared to controls.
Gadoterate meglumine did not show differential enhancement between inflamed and healthy kidneys.

Conclusions:

MRI with Fe-PyC3A is specific to the oxidizing kidney environment driven by myeloid immune cells.
Fe-PyC3A shows potential as a non-invasive imaging biomarker for kidney inflammation.
Further evaluation of Fe-PyC3A for clinical imaging of inflammatory kidney diseases is warranted.