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Renal toxicity in uranium mill workers.

M J Thun, D B Baker, K Steenland

    Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic exposure to soluble uranium compounds may cause kidney damage. Uranium mill workers showed higher protein and amino acid excretion, indicating potential renal tubular dysfunction. Further research is needed to confirm uranium nephrotoxicity.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Toxicology
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • The kidney is a critical organ for limiting occupational exposure to soluble uranium.
    • No adequate studies have evaluated renal tubular dysfunction in chronically exposed uranium workers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate kidney function in uranium mill workers with chronic exposure.
    • To assess for renal tubular dysfunction and its relation to uranium exposure levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared kidney function markers between 39 uranium mill workers and 36 cement plant workers.
    • Measured excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and amino acids.
    • Assessed glomerular function and tubular reabsorption relative to creatinine.

    Main Results:

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    • Uranium workers exhibited significantly higher excretion of beta-2-microglobulin and five amino acids.
    • A dose-effect relationship was observed between beta-2-microglobulin clearance and duration of exposure in high-risk areas.
    • Glomerular function was not impaired; in fact, it was better in uranium workers.

    Conclusions:

    • Data suggest reduced renal proximal tubular reabsorption of amino acids and low molecular weight proteins in uranium workers.
    • Findings are consistent with uranium-induced nephrotoxicity.
    • Occupational exposure to soluble uranium may lead to subclinical renal tubular damage.