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Sex differences in asthma control, lung function and exacerbations: the ATLANTIS study.

Tessa M Kole1,2, Susan Muiser3,2, Monica Kraft4

  • 1Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands t.m.kole@umcg.nl.

BMJ Open Respiratory Research
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Female asthma patients have worse control and more exacerbations, while males show more severe airflow obstruction. These asthma sex differences impact disease presentation and outcomes.

Keywords:
asthmaasthma epidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Asthma presents differently in males and females, affecting prevalence and severity.
  • Understanding these sex-based differences is crucial for effective asthma management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-based differences in asthma control, lung function, inflammation, and exacerbations.
  • To compare clinical characteristics and longitudinal outcomes between male and female asthma patients.

Main Methods:

  • A post hoc analysis of the ATLANTIS observational cohort study was conducted.
  • Data from 773 asthma patients across nine countries were analyzed over a 1-year follow-up.
  • Patients were assessed using lung function tests, questionnaires, and imaging.

Main Results:

  • Female patients reported worse asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire 6) and higher airway resistance.
  • Male patients exhibited more severe airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC % predicted) and persistent airflow limitation.
  • Female sex was identified as an independent predictor of asthma exacerbations.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-based differences exist in asthma phenotyping and clinical outcomes.
  • Females experience worse disease control and more exacerbations, while males have greater airflow obstruction.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering sex in asthma diagnosis and treatment strategies.