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The human body is a complex system of interconnected parts, and the circulatory system plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. One key component of this system is the inferior vena cava, a large vein responsible for returning blood from the abdominopelvic viscera and abdominal walls to the heart.
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The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model
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[Re-thinking of "pelvirectal space"].

H Xu1, J M Ding2, H Tan1

  • 1First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.

Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
|June 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The "pelvirectal space" does not exist; it is reclassified as the "superior levator ani space" based on membrane anatomy. This anatomical revision clarifies the location of fat and lymph nodes within the rectal mesentery.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical studies
  • Surgical anatomy
  • Pelvic anatomy

Context:

  • Traditional anatomy defined the "pelvirectal space" as separate from the rectum, containing fatty tissue.
  • Recent advancements in membrane anatomy theory and understanding of the "rectal mesentery" have prompted a re-evaluation.
  • Clinical experience supports a revised interpretation of pelvic anatomical spaces.

Purpose:

  • To challenge the existence of the traditional "pelvirectal space".
  • To propose the "superior levator ani space" as the accurate anatomical designation.
  • To refine understanding of the rectal mesentery and associated structures.

Summary:

  • The fat previously attributed to the "pelvirectal space" is identified as mesorectal fat and lateral lymph nodes (LLN), including internal iliac and obturator nodes.
  • The study posits that the "pelvirectal space" is anatomically inaccurate.
  • The area is redefined as the "superior levator ani space" consistent with membrane anatomy principles.

Impact:

  • This anatomical clarification enhances the understanding of pelvic structures.
  • It provides a more accurate framework for surgical planning and interpretation of imaging in the pelvic region.
  • The findings contribute to the evolving knowledge of rectal mesentery anatomy.