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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy
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Infrared Spectroscopy Can Differentiate Between Cartilage Injury Models: Implication for Assessment of Cartilage

Fatemeh Shahini1,2, Soroush Oskouei3, Ervin Nippolainen3

  • 1Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. fatemeh.shahini@uef.fi.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|June 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy effectively detects changes in articular cartilage (AC) after injury. This technique can differentiate between healthy and injured AC and even identify injury types, aiding clinical diagnosis.

Keywords:
Articular cartilageChondral groove modelEquineMachine learningMid-infrared spectroscopyOsteoarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Articular cartilage (AC) injuries require accurate diagnostic methods.
  • Differentiating injury origins is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy offers potential for non-invasive tissue analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity of MIR spectroscopy in detecting structural, compositional, and functional changes in AC following distinct injury types.
  • To develop machine learning models for classifying AC based on MIR spectra to estimate biomechanical properties and proteoglycan content.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical induction of two distinct AC injury types in equine carpal joints.
  • Biomechanical indentation testing and MIR spectroscopic assessment of collected osteochondral samples.
  • Digital densitometry for proteoglycan (PG) content estimation and machine learning model development.

Main Results:

  • MIR spectroscopy achieved 91% accuracy in discriminating healthy from injured AC and 88% accuracy between injury types.
  • The method accurately estimated AC properties, including thickness, equilibrium modulus, and instantaneous modulus, with low error margins.
  • Machine learning models successfully classified samples and predicted biomechanical properties and PG content from MIR spectra.

Conclusions:

  • MIR spectroscopy demonstrates significant potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing articular cartilage integrity post-injury.
  • The technique can differentiate between various injury types and quantify changes in AC composition and biomechanics.
  • This approach could enhance clinical diagnosis and management of articular cartilage damage.