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Using Separate Single-Outcome Risk Presentations Instead of Integrated Multioutcome Formats Improves Comprehension in
Matthew J Wallace1, E Hope Weissler2, Jui-Chen Yang1
1Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Presenting health risks separately for each outcome, rather than integrated, significantly improves understanding. This is crucial for effective risk communication, especially for those with lower numeracy and graph literacy.
Area of Science:
- Health Communication
- Decision Science
- Risk Perception
Background:
- Optimal methods for communicating risks across multiple outcomes and time points remain unclear.
- Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) often require presenting complex risk information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of separated versus integrated risk presentations.
- To evaluate the impact of icon arrays and time dimension orientation on risk comprehension.
Main Methods:
- A randomized study of 2,242 US adults compared three design factors in risk communication.
- Comprehension was assessed via multiple-choice questions; choice consistency in a DCE was also measured.
Main Results:
- Separated risk presentations significantly increased correct responses (0.58 more, P < 0.001).
- Icon arrays and time orientation did not significantly affect comprehension.
- Higher risk understanding correlated with greater DCE choice consistency.
Conclusions:
- Presenting risk information separately for each health outcome enhances understanding.
- Benefits of separate presentations were notable for individuals with lower numeracy and graph literacy.
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