Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

125
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
125
Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

156
The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
156
Veneer01:19

Veneer

72
Veneer refers to a thin sheet of wood, typically produced to a thickness of about one-eighth of an inch or less. This material is crafted through various methods, the most common being rotary cutting. In this process, a log is mounted into a large lathe and spun against a knife edge, peeling off a continuous strip of wood as the knife penetrates deeper into the rotating log, creating a rotary-cut veneer.
Other veneering techniques include plain-slicing, quarter-slicing, and rift-slicing. These...
72
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

131
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
131
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

220
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
220
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

158
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
158

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Clinical aspects of the effect of aligners with a repositioning splint on the temporomandibular joint].

Stomatologiia·2026
Same author

[Correlation analysis between the parameters of the temporomandibular joints and the cervical spine].

Stomatologiia·2025
Same author

[Planning of occlusal load in designing the occlusal surface of posterior teeth based on 3D analysis].

Stomatologiia·2024
Same author

[Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of 3D TMJ analysis performed by different methods of processing computed tomograms].

Stomatologiia·2024
Same author

[Metal 3D printing in dentistry].

Stomatologiia·2022
Same author

[Lower jaw virtual reposition accuracy research].

Stomatologiia·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

359

[Study on the pressure on ceramic veneers during cementation].

M A Muradov1, A N Ryahovsky1, V A Chkalin1

  • 1Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.

Stomatologiia
|June 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dentists exert varying finger pressure on ceramic veneers during fixation, averaging around 1.5 kg, with most using their thumb. This study quantizes clinical forces for improved veneer cementation protocols.

Keywords:
cement film thicknesshold-down pressure on ceramic veneer

More Related Videos

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
07:09

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

Published on: March 7, 2014

13.4K
Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice
06:23

Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice

Published on: June 5, 2021

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
07:42

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

359
In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint
07:09

In situ Compressive Loading and Correlative Noninvasive Imaging of the Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Joint

Published on: March 7, 2014

13.4K
Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice
06:23

Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice

Published on: June 5, 2021

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Biomechanical engineering

Background:

  • Accurate fixation of ceramic veneers is crucial for long-term restoration success.
  • Understanding the forces applied during cementation is essential for optimizing clinical protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the magnitude and method of finger pressure exerted by dentists on ceramic veneers during fixation.
  • To provide data for developing a reliable veneer cementation protocol.

Main Methods:

  • A simulation model was used to measure finger pressure during veneer cementation.
  • Dentists applied pressure to ceramic veneers on a simulated dental model for 20 seconds.
  • The type of finger used (thumb or index finger) and the applied pressure were recorded.

Main Results:

  • 54% of dentists applied up to 1 kg of pressure, 27% applied 1-2 kg, and 19% applied over 2 kg.
  • The thumb was used for primary pressure by 80% of dentists, averaging 1.4 kg.
  • Pressure applied with the index finger averaged 0.8 kg.

Conclusions:

  • Dentist finger pressure during veneer cementation varies significantly, averaging approximately 1.5 kg.
  • Clinical application forces differ substantially from laboratory test conditions for dental cements.
  • Developing a veneer fixation protocol based on these findings will enhance veneer fit and cementation reliability.