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X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

Published on: October 23, 2018

X-ray optics for the cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser.

Peifan Liu¹, Paresh Pradhan¹, Xianbo Shi¹

¹Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

|June 21, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed essential optical components for cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers (CBXFELs), crucial for advancing coherent X-ray sources. These components, including diamond mirrors and beryllium lenses, are vital for CBXFEL cavity performance.

Keywords:

Bragg diffraction X-ray optics X-ray refractive lenses cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers diamond crystals

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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

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Published on: April 24, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Published on: October 23, 2018

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

Published on: April 24, 2014

Area of Science:

Physics
Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers (CBXFELs) represent a promising advancement for generating fully coherent X-ray pulses.
The development of CBXFELs necessitates specialized optical components capable of preserving wavefronts and minimizing losses within the X-ray cavity.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, manufacture, and characterize critical X-ray optical components for a CBXFEL cavity.
To assess the suitability of these components for enabling high-performance FEL interactions and achieving saturation.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of near-100%-reflectivity diamond crystal mirrors and thin diamond membranes.
Development of beryllium refractive lenses and channel-cut silicon monochromators for aberration-free focusing and outcoupling.
Characterization of all optical components at the Advanced Photon Source.

Main Results:

Successful design and manufacturing of high-reflectivity diamond mirrors and a diamond drumhead crystal with thin membranes.
Fabrication of beryllium refractive lenses and silicon monochromators meeting CBXFEL specifications.
Experimental validation of all components' performance at the Advanced Photon Source, confirming their suitability for the CBXFEL cavity.

Conclusions:

The developed X-ray optical components are suitable for use in CBXFEL cavities.
These components are essential for the successful operation and advancement of future fully coherent X-ray sources.
The collaborative effort has yielded key technologies for next-generation FEL facilities.