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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging
12:49

Optimization of Renal Organoid and Organotypic Culture for Vascularization, Extended Development, and Improved Microscopy Imaging

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A perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid-on-chip model.

Katharina T Kroll1,2,3, Kimberly A Homan3, Sebastien G M Uzel1,2

  • 1Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.

Biofabrication
|June 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a perfusable kidney organoid-on-a-chip model that mimics native tissue microenvironments. This breakthrough enables controlled perfusion, advancing drug testing and therapeutic applications for kidney organoids.

Keywords:
anastomosiskidney organoidskidney-on-chip modelperfusionvascularization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Organoid Technology

Background:

  • Controllable perfusion of kidney organoids is crucial for replicating native tissue microenvironments.
  • Existing models lack the vascular integration necessary for advanced applications like drug testing and therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid-on-a-chip model.
  • To achieve micro-macrovessel integration for enhanced kidney organoid function.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a chip with two channels in an extracellular matrix (ECM), seeding one with kidney organoids and the other with endothelial cells to form a macrovessel.
  • Utilized endogenous endothelial cell migration and lumen-on-lumen anastomosis formation for micro-macrovessel integration.
  • Introduced fluorescently labeled dextran and red blood cells to assess perfusion through the integrated vascular network.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a perfusable kidney organoid-on-a-chip model with integrated micro- and macrovasculature.
  • Demonstrated successful migration of endothelial cells from organoids to the macrovessel, forming functional anastomoses.
  • Confirmed transport of dextran and red blood cells through the organoid's microvascular network, reaching glomerular epithelia.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model enables controlled perfusion of kidney organoids, closely mimicking native tissue vascularization.
  • This approach provides a platform for improved drug testing and potential therapeutic applications.
  • The methodology offers a pathway for creating other perfused human organoid systems.