Submitting Novel Full-Length HLA, MIC, and KIR Alleles with TypeLoader2

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) plays a pivotal role for immunogenetics. Due to technical limitations, genotyping often focuses on specific key regions like the antigen recognition domain (ARD) for HLA genotyping, and the databases are populated accordingly. More recently, though, modern next generation sequencing (NGS) assays allow using larger gene segments or even complete genes for genotyping. It is therefore essential that the databases are updated with complete genetic reference sequences to fully serve current and future applications. However, the process of manually annotating and submitting full-length allele sequences to IPD is time-consuming and error-prone, which may discourage HLA-genotyping laboratories or researchers from submitting full-length sequences of novel alleles.Here, we detail the process of preparing and submitting novel HLA, MIC, and KIR alleles to ENA and IPD using TypeLoader2, a convenient software tool developed to streamline this process by automating the sequence annotation, the creation of all necessary files, as well as parts of the submission process itself. The software is freely available from GitHub ( https://github.com/DKMS-LSL/typeloader ).