pH‑responsive nanozyme cascade catalysis: A strategy of BiVO₄ application for modulation of pathological wound...

Persistent inflammation and bacterial infection commonly occur during the wound healing process, necessitating urgent development of effective strategies for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) was successfully synthesized as an antibacterial agent that promotes wound healing. Through In vitro antibacterial experiments, it was observed that the prepared BiVO₄ exhibited excellent performance in catalyzing H₂O₂ to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) at a lower concentration (0.2 mg mL^-1), resulting in significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) strains. Furthermore, biosafety tests, cell scratch experiments, and ESBL-E. coli infected wound rat model experiments demonstrated high biocompatibility of BiVO₄ with a cell survival rate exceeding 85 %. Additionally, BiVO₄ promoted the production of vascular endothelial growth factors and fibroblasts migration while contributing to collagen production, effectively facilitating immune reconstruction at the wound site. By integrating peroxidase (POD)-like under acidic conditions (pH 4) and catalase (CAT)-like catalytic activities at under neutral conditions (pH 7), BiVO₄ exhibited the ability to activate free radical sterilization and accelerate wound healing by activating O₂. Therefore, our findings provide evidence for a dual enzyme regulatory mechanism involving antibacterial properties and promotion of wound tissue reconstruction for potential application in both antibacterial treatment and wound healing.