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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

285
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
285
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

492
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
492
Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

64
Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
64
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

417
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Predicting Treatment Response to Image-Guided Therapies Using Machine Learning: An Example for Trans-Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Machine learning in drug delivery.

Adam J Gormley1

  • 1Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|June 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) offer powerful tools to navigate complex drug delivery systems. These data science methods can help uncover quantitative structure-function relationships, revolutionizing therapeutic development.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceControlled releaseDrug deliveryEncapsulationFormulationMachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Traditional drug delivery optimization relies on manual experimentation and rational design, which struggles with complex, non-linear drug-material interactions.
  • The 'Curse of Dimensionality' hinders comprehension of structure-function relationships in sophisticated drug delivery systems.
  • High-throughput screening has been used to manage complexity but is often inefficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential value of data science, specifically artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML), in drug delivery.
  • To propose AI/ML as a complementary tool for navigating complex parameter spaces in drug delivery research.
  • To encourage the adoption of data science methods for quantitative structure-function relationship analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of data science applications in drug delivery.
  • Focus on polymeric delivery systems as a case study.
  • Emphasis on AI/ML for modeling complex data and identifying structure-function relationships.

Main Results:

  • AI/ML methods provide powerful analytical tools to model complex drug delivery data.
  • Data science can help ascertain quantitative structure-function relationships, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
  • AI/ML can aid in optimizing release profiles and designing efficacious therapies.

Conclusions:

  • AI/ML is poised to revolutionize drug delivery science by providing new analytical capabilities.
  • These methods should be viewed as valuable tools to augment, not replace, mechanistic understanding.
  • Adopting data science approaches can lead to a paradigm shift in drug delivery research and development.