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Greening of Svalbard
Stein Rune Karlsen1, Arve Elvebakk2, Laura Stendardi3
1NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, P.O. Box 6434, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway.
Svalbard
Area of Science:
- Arctic Ecology
- Remote Sensing
- Climate Change Science
Background:
- Svalbard experiences rapid temperature increases, impacting Arctic ecosystems.
- Vegetation phenology is a key indicator of climate change effects in polar regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the greening trends and vegetation productivity in Svalbard from 2000-2022.
- To investigate the relationship between temperature increase and vegetation greening using satellite data.
Main Methods:
- Processed MODIS-NDVI data for Svalbard (2000-2022) at 232m resolution, interpolated to daily values.
- Mapped the onset of growth and calculated integrated NDVI from onset to peak growth (OP NDVI).
- Correlated OP NDVI with daily mean temperature data from 11 meteorological stations.
Main Results:
- OP NDVI showed a very high and significant correlation with growing degree days across Svalbard.
- 2022 recorded the highest greening trend since 2000, indicating rapid recent vegetation growth.
- Eastern Svalbard exhibited greater year-to-year variability, linked to sea-ice dynamics.
Conclusions:
- Svalbard's rapid greening is strongly correlated with rising temperatures.
- Regional differences in greening variability exist, influenced by sea-ice break-up.
- Moss-dominated tundra requires new remote sensing methodologies due to unique NDVI dynamics.
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