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Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Arctic Ecology
  • Remote Sensing
  • Climate Change Science

Background:

  • Svalbard experiences rapid temperature increases, impacting Arctic ecosystems.
  • Vegetation phenology is a key indicator of climate change effects in polar regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the greening trends and vegetation productivity in Svalbard from 2000-2022.
  • To investigate the relationship between temperature increase and vegetation greening using satellite data.

Main Methods:

  • Processed MODIS-NDVI data for Svalbard (2000-2022) at 232m resolution, interpolated to daily values.
  • Mapped the onset of growth and calculated integrated NDVI from onset to peak growth (OP NDVI).
  • Correlated OP NDVI with daily mean temperature data from 11 meteorological stations.

Main Results:

  • OP NDVI showed a very high and significant correlation with growing degree days across Svalbard.
  • 2022 recorded the highest greening trend since 2000, indicating rapid recent vegetation growth.
  • Eastern Svalbard exhibited greater year-to-year variability, linked to sea-ice dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Svalbard's rapid greening is strongly correlated with rising temperatures.
  • Regional differences in greening variability exist, influenced by sea-ice break-up.
  • Moss-dominated tundra requires new remote sensing methodologies due to unique NDVI dynamics.