Parental leave experiences for the non-childbearing general surgery resident parent: A qualitative analysis

Stigma surrounds parental leave during general surgery residency, yet 25% to 29% of general surgery residents have children. Parental leave experiences of non-childbearing general surgery resident parents have not been described. This study aimed to describe the non-childbearing population's parental leave experiences.

Using a purposive sampling strategy, semi-structured interviews (n = 20) were conducted via Zoom (August 2021-March 2022) with current general surgery residents or fellows who had at least 1 child during residency as the non-childbearing parent. Interviews explored participants' experiences with parental leave policies, timing, structure, motivations/influences for taking leave, career/training impacts, and reflections on their experiences. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participant demographics were analyzed using univariate analysis.

Of the 20 participants, there were 31 unique parental leave experiences. The following 6 themes were identified from interviews: program/professional policies, cultural climate, support (institutional and social), parental leave experiences, impact, and recommendations. Participants cited needing to rely on informal support (eg, the assistance of other residents) to arrange leave and feeling compelled not to take the full time allowed in order to not burden co-residents or because others took less time. Overall, participants felt dissatisfied with their parental leave experiences.

Non-childbearing general surgery resident parents underuse parental leave due to perceived or actual lack of access to leave and stigma. This results in dissatisfaction with their parental leave experiences and has the potential to lead to negative professional and personal outcomes. There is a critical need for improved support through cultural change and policy revision, implementation, and adherence.