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Plasma Ionomic Profile and Interaction Patterns in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Qing-Qing Zhao1,2, Xian-Long Shu1,2, Zhen Yuan2,3
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
Insights
This study reveals distinct elemental profiles in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, identifying specific elements linked to CAD and its comorbidities like diabetes. These ionomic profiles may aid in future disease management and dietary strategies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Biochemistry
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Human exposure to various chemical elements is linked to diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Previous research often focused on single elements, limiting a comprehensive understanding of their role in complex diseases.
- Comorbidities such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood lipids often accompany CAD, potentially altering elemental profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the multi-elemental (ionomic) profiles of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its common comorbidities.
- To differentiate ionomic signatures between CAD patients and healthy individuals.
- To explore the potential of ionomic profiles for diagnostic and therapeutic insights.
Main Methods:
- Plasma concentrations of 21 elements were measured in 201 CAD patients and 110 healthy subjects using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- Advanced statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were used to analyze ionomic data.
- Spearman correlation analysis identified interactions among elements within different patient groups.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in plasma element levels were observed between CAD patients and healthy controls.
- Elevated levels of Barium (Ba), Lithium (Li), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), and Lead (Pb) were found in CAD patients, while Antimony (Sb), Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), and Selenium (Se) were lower.
- Specific elemental alterations were noted in CAD with diabetes (CAD-DM2), high blood pressure (CAD-HBP), and high blood lipids (CAD-HBL) subgroups, including elevated Nickel (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd) in CAD-DM2, lower Cobalt (Co) and Manganese (Mn) in CAD-HBP, and altered Titanium (Ti), Barium (Ba), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), and Nickel (Ni) in CAD-HBL.
Conclusions:
- Ionomic profiles effectively differentiate CAD patients from healthy individuals.
- Observed elemental variations provide potential biomarkers for CAD and its comorbidities.
- These findings suggest that ionomic analysis could inform future personalized treatment and dietary interventions for cardiovascular health.
Abstract:
Humans are exposed to various chemical elements that have been associated with the development and progression of diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Unlike previous research, we employed a multi-element approach to investigate CAD patients and those with comorbid conditions such as diabetes (CAD-DM2), high blood pressure (CAD-HBP), or high blood lipids (CAD-HBL). Plasma concentrations of 21 elements, including lithium (Li), boron (B), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), stibium (Sb), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb), were measured in CAD patients (n = 201) and healthy subjects (n = 110) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were utilized to analyze the ionomic profiles. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to identify the interaction patterns among individual elements. We found that levels of Ba, Li, Ni, Zn and Pb were elevated in the CAD group compared to the healthy group, while Sb, Ca, Cu, Ti, Fe, and Se were lower. Furthermore, the CAD-DM2 group exhibited higher levels of Ni and Cd, while the CAD-HBP group showed lower levels of Co and Mn. In the CAD-HBL group, Ti was increased, whereas Ba, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, and Ni were reduced. In conclusion, ionomic profiles can be utilized to differentiate CAD patients from healthy individuals, potentially providing insights for future treatment or dietary interventions.
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