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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Stress, working memory, and academic performance: a neuroscience perspective.

Abeer F Almarzouki1

  • 1Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Stress negatively impacts students' working memory (WM), a key cognitive function vital for academic success. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing stress-management strategies to improve learning and performance.

Keywords:
Stressacademic performancecognitive functionhippocampusneuroscienceprefrontal cortexworking memory (WM)

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Educational Psychology
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is essential for academic skills like reading, comprehension, and problem-solving.
  • Stress is known to negatively affect cognitive functions, including WM.
  • The precise mechanisms linking stress, WM, and academic performance require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms through which stress impacts working memory (WM).
  • To explore how stress-induced changes in WM can decrease academic performance.
  • To emphasize the need for stress-management interventions in academic settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on stress, WM, and academic performance.
  • Analysis of neurobiological pathways affected by stress hormones (glucocorticoids, catecholamines).
  • Examination of the impact on key brain regions like the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Main Results:

  • Stress, particularly through glucocorticoids and catecholamines, can impair the structure and function of brain regions critical for WM.
  • These neurobiological changes associated with stress can lead to a decline in WM capacity.
  • Impaired WM due to stress is a significant factor contributing to reduced academic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Stress significantly impacts working memory (WM) function through neurobiological mechanisms.
  • Effective stress-management strategies are vital for preserving WM and enhancing students' academic outcomes.
  • Further research into stress-reduction techniques can optimize cognitive function and academic success.