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Published on: November 1, 2024
Helicobacter pylori in gastrointestinal manifestation of systemic sclerosis
Jasmin Raja1, Shanthini Muthusamy1, Choung Min Ng2
1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Aim:
To study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in systemic sclerosis patients and its gastrointestinal manifestations in comparison with Helicobacter pylori-negative systemic sclerosis patients. Systemic sclerosis gastrointestinal outcome post Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated.
Method:
In total, 70 systemic sclerosis patients and 70 age-, gender- and race-matched healthy controls had their urea breath test done. Gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic sclerosis were assessed using University of California at Los Angeles 2.0 and Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire questionnaires. Systemic sclerosis patients with confirmed Helicobacter pylori infection were given standard Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Urea breath test was repeated 6 weeks posteradication therapy with their gastrointestinal symptoms reassessed.
Results:
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was low in both systemic sclerosis patients (10%) and healthy controls (2.9%). There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal symptoms between Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative systemic sclerosis patients. However, the Helicobacter pylori-positive patients reported higher median severity scores for the gastrointestinal symptoms of reflux (0.5 vs 0.35), abdominal distension (1.5 vs 0.75) and social functioning impairment score (0.5 vs 0.16) using the University of California at Los Angeles 2.0 score. The Helicobacter pylori-positive patients also indicated increased upper abdominal pain (3.0 vs 0.0), regurgitation (2.0 vs 0.0) and burping (3.0 vs 0.0), observed from the Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire scores. Gastrointestinal outcomes post-Helicobacter pylori eradication showed either an improvement or complete resolution of symptoms.
Conclusion:
Gastrointestinal symptoms in systemic sclerosis patients are unlikely to be caused by Helicobacter pylori in the recent years in our cohort of patients. No significant difference in gastrointestinal symptoms was seen between Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative systemic sclerosis patients. Helicobacter pylori can be readily tested by urea breath test to look for present infection.
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