Exploring Different Management Modalities of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is an atypical skull shape characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is one of the most common congenital anomalies encountered by craniofacial surgeons, with a prevalence of one in every 2000-2500 births. It is classified into two main types: syndromic and nonsyndromic. In syndromic, the patient presents with other abnormalities involving the trunk, face, or extremities. While in nonsyndromic the only anomy is the premature fusion, which usually involves one suture; the most common subtypes are unicoronal, sagittal, bicoronal, metopic, and lambdoid. As a consequence, premature fusion before its natural time restricts the space for the brain to grow, increases intracranial pressure, causes damage to the brain tissue, and affects the development of the child. This review comprehensively provides a detailed overview of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and aims to highlight the importance of early and accurate diagnosis, and determining the most suitable intervention, whether surgical or conservative modalities. The optimal treatment approach produces the most favorable aesthetic and functional outcomes.