Role of Oxidative Stress in Periodontal Diseases

Periodontal disease, a significant worldwide health burden, is characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues, including the cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and gingival tissue. Recent research has linked the development and progression of periodontal disease to oxidative stress. This study provides comprehensive explanations of the mechanisms behind oxidative stress in periodontal disease, with a focus on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their effects on periodontal tissues. Oxidative stress triggers a number of detrimental reactions, including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Alveolar bone resorption, connective tissue degradation, and periodontal inflammation are further conditions exacerbated by these processes. In addition, the delicate balance between antioxidants and oxidants is upset by oxidative stress, which impairs antioxidant defense systems and exacerbates periodontal tissue damage. This review highlights the negative effects of oxidative stress and enhances periodontal health outcomes.