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The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
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The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
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Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
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International Nursing Organization (ICN) is a global union of national nurses' organizations. Individual nurses can be a part of ICN through member organizations. Each member organization strives to ensure quality nursing care, sound health policies, the advancement of nursing knowledge, respect for the profession, and a satisfied and competent nursing workforce.
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Drug distribution within the body is a dynamic process involving the movement of a drug in two directions across various compartments: from the bloodstream into tissues (tissue uptake) and from tissues back into the bloodstream (tissue release or redistribution). This process is passive and primarily driven by two variables: the concentration gradient between the bloodstream and the extravascular tissues and the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Are Doctors Equally Distributed Throughout the World?

Erfan Kharazmi1, Shima Bordbar1, Najmeh Bordbar1

  • 1Health Human Resources Research Centre, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Public Health
|June 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global physician distribution is unequal, with high-income nations having significantly more doctors per capita. Addressing this disparity is crucial for achieving universal healthcare access and equitable health outcomes worldwide.

Keywords:
DoctorsGini coefficientHuman development indexPhysiciansWorld countries

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Health Workforce Analysis
  • Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Physicians are a critical health system resource essential for patient care and equitable distribution is key to achieving universal health.
  • Investigating global physician distribution inequality is vital for understanding healthcare access disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify global inequality in physician distribution using the Gini coefficient.
  • To analyze physician distribution across countries with varying Human Development Index (HDI) levels.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2021 using data from WHO and UN.
  • Calculated the Gini coefficient for physician distribution in three modes.
  • Determined physician distribution per 10,000 population across HDI groups.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 43% of global physicians serve the 20% of the population in very high HDI countries.
  • Low HDI countries, with 12% of the population, have access to only 1% of physicians.
  • The global physician Gini coefficient was 0.640, indicating significant inequality.

Conclusions:

  • Significant global physician shortages and distribution inequalities exist.
  • Governments must prioritize equitable medical workforce distribution through enhanced planning and policy interventions.