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Built Environment, Natural Environment, and Mental Health.

Yehua Dennis Wei1, Yu Wang1, David S Curtis2

  • 1Department of Geography University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA.

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Environmental factors significantly impact depression risk. Urban green spaces and mixed land use correlate with lower depression rates, while air pollution and precipitation increase risk, highlighting the need for integrated mental health strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Mental health disorders are a global concern, yet their environmental determinants are under-researched.
  • Existing studies primarily focus on socioeconomic and psychological factors, neglecting environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between built and natural environmental attributes and depression prevalence in US counties.
  • To identify specific environmental factors contributing to or mitigating depression risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-linear regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to analyze environmental data and depression rates.
  • Examined county-level data on built environment (job sprawl, mixed use, green space), natural environment (precipitation), and air quality (PM2.5, CO).

Main Results:

  • Job sprawl and mixed land use were linked to reduced depression risk.
  • Increased green space, particularly in urban areas, correlated with better mental health.
  • Higher concentrations of PM2.5 and CO, and increased precipitation, were associated with elevated depression rates.
  • GWR revealed spatial heterogeneity in the effects of population density and social capital.
  • Regional analyses showed distinct environmental and socioeconomic drivers in northwestern and southeastern counties.

Conclusions:

  • Built and natural environments are significantly linked to mental health outcomes, with notable spatial variations.
  • Effective depression management strategies should integrate environmental considerations.
  • Understanding localized environmental impacts is crucial for targeted public health interventions.