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Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials

Published on: July 16, 2020

Leveraging Tunable Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization to Alter Cellular Migration.

Maxwell G Tetrick¹, Catherine J Murphy¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

ACS Nanoscience Au

|June 24, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) surface sulfonation affects cell migration. Highly sulfonated AuNPs inhibit monocyte chemotaxis, while varying sulfonation levels alter this effect, revealing a link between surface chemistry and cell behavior.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Biomedical engineering
Nanotechnology
Cell biology

Background:

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show potential in therapeutics, imaging, and drug delivery.
Understanding AuNP indirect effects on cells via extracellular interactions is crucial.
Previous studies indicated AuNPs can impair monocyte chemotaxis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between gold nanoparticle surface sulfonation and the inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis.
To determine how varying degrees of sulfonation on AuNPs affect their interaction with monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and subsequent cell migration.
To explore the impact of different sulfonation densities and free sulfonated polymers on THP-1 cell chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

Synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with varying degrees of surface sulfonation using poly(styrenesulfonate) and copolymers.
Assessed the effect of these modified AuNPs on the chemotactic response of the THP-1 monocytic cell line towards MCP-1.
Investigated the dose-dependent effects of free poly(styrenesulfonate) on THP-1 cell migration.

Main Results:

Highly sulfonated AuNPs strongly inhibited THP-1 chemotaxis.
Reduced sulfonation levels on AuNPs led to weak or no inhibition of chemotaxis.
Free poly(styrenesulfonate) exhibited a dose-dependent effect, inhibiting chemotaxis at low concentrations and acting as a chemorepellent at high concentrations.

Conclusions:

The degree of surface sulfonation on gold nanoparticles directly correlates with their ability to inhibit monocyte chemotaxis.
Surface chemistry of nanoparticles plays a critical role in modulating cellular responses beyond direct cytotoxicity.
Free sulfonated polymers can exert complex, concentration-dependent effects on cell migration, highlighting the importance of considering all components in nanoparticle formulations.