Haematological Indices in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Samuel Tadesse1, Esayas Kebede Gudina2, Daniel Yilma2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Insights
Complete blood counts (CBC) can serve as accessible prognostic indicators for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in resource-limited settings. Elevated markers like mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width correlate with disease severity and patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Traditional biomarkers for myocardial ischemia, such as cardiac troponin I and CK-MB, have limited availability in primary care settings, especially in developing nations.
- Complete blood count (CBC) offers a readily accessible and cost-effective alternative for assessing acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare hematological indices and blood cell ratios in patients with ACS versus healthy controls.
- To investigate the potential of CBC parameters as prognostic indicators for ACS.
Main Methods:
- Consecutive recruitment of 110 ACS patients and 110 matched healthy controls at Jimma Medical Center.
- Performance of biochemical analyses and complete blood counts.
- Statistical analysis including ANOVA and Spearman correlation to assess relationships between hematologic parameters and high-sensitivity troponin-I (hs-Tn-I).
Main Results:
- The ACS group exhibited significantly higher mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio compared to controls.
- MPV and RDW showed significant positive correlations with hs-Tn-I levels in ACS patients.
- Higher MPV, RDW, and monocyte counts were observed in non-survivor ACS patients.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences in hematological parameters between ACS patients and controls suggest their utility in predicting ACS risk and morbidity.
- Routine CBC evaluations can enhance risk assessment and potentially improve patient outcomes in ACS management.
Background:
Numerous biomarkers are used as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive indicators of myocardial ischemia. The most commonly used biomarkers are cardiac troponin I (Tn-I) and creatinine kinase (CK-MB). However, in developing nations, their availability in primary care settings is extremely limited. In such situations, easily available assays such as complete blood count (CBC) should be investigated as prognostic indicators in individuals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Objective:
This study aimed to compare the pattern of haematological indices and blood cell ratios of ACS patients compared with apparently healthy controls.
Methods:
Patients diagnosed with ACS were recruited consecutively between 01 May 2022 and 31 October 2023 at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). Biochemical analyses and complete blood counts were performed. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the continuous variables. Spearman correlation coefficient tests were performed to correlate hematologic parameters with high sensitive troponin-I (hs-Tn-I) levels.
Results:
This study enrolled 220 participants (110 patients with ACS and age, sex, and place of residence matched 110 non-ACS controls). From ACS group 99 (90%) were diagnosed with ST-elevated myocardial infarction. The ACS group had a significantly greater mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. The RDW (r = 0.248, p = 0.009) and MPV (r = 0.245, p = 0.009) were significantly positively correlated with hs-Tn-I levels in the ACS group. MPV, RDW, and monocyte count were significantly higher in non-survivor ACS patients (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
The significant differences observed in haematological parameters between individuals with ACS and healthy controls suggest the potential utility of these easily accessible and cost-effective diagnostics in predicting future morbidity and ACS risk. Incorporating these routine evaluations into clinical practice could enhance risk assessment and improve patient outcomes.
More Related Videos
08:51Author Spotlight: Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis for Unveiling Multicellular Immune Signatures in Clinical Heart Attack Cohorts
Published on: September 20, 2024
10:03Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
Published on: January 28, 2020
Related Concept Videos
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
01:19Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...