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Related Experiment Video

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Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler
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High-Frequency, 2-mm-Diameter Forward-Viewing 2-D Array for 3-D Intracoronary Blood Flow Imaging.

Stephan Strassle Rojas, Alexander Samady, Saeyoung Kim

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |June 24, 2024
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    Summary

    A novel forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound (FV-IVUS) transducer improves diagnosis for coronary artery disease (CAD). This technology enhances risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events in patients with intermediate stenosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Imaging
    • Medical Device Development

    Background:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of mortality.
    • Current diagnostic methods like angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR) have limitations in accurately identifying patients needing intervention, leading to a 10% deferral error rate in stable CAD.
    • Improved risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in intermediate coronary stenosis is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a novel forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound (FV-IVUS) 2-D array transducer.
    • To enable simultaneous evaluation of morphology, hemodynamics, and plaque composition for enhanced risk stratification.
    • To improve diagnostic accuracy for intermediate coronary artery stenosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and simulated a 2-mm-diameter, 16-MHz 2-D array transducer with 140 elements.
    • Developed a novel via-less interconnect for electrical connections.
    • Fabricated the array and characterized its performance, including element functionality, center frequency, fractional bandwidth, SNR, and electrical crosstalk.
    • Evaluated imaging capabilities using phantoms for 3-D B-mode and power Doppler imaging.

    Main Results:

    • The fabricated transducer featured 96/140 functioning elements at a 16 MHz center frequency with 62% ± 7% fractional bandwidth.
    • Measured single-element SNR was 23 ± 3 dB with electrical crosstalk of -33 ± 3 dB.
    • Achieved lateral and axial resolutions of 0.231 mm and 0.244 mm, respectively, at a 5 mm depth.
    • Successfully demonstrated 3-D B-mode and power Doppler imaging capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 16-MHz FV-IVUS 2-D array transducer shows promise for advanced cardiovascular imaging.
    • This technology has the potential to improve the assessment of intermediate coronary stenosis and reduce diagnostic errors.
    • The ability to simultaneously evaluate multiple parameters could lead to better patient management and reduced MACE.