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Related Concept Videos

Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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  9. Predictive And Prognostic Markers
  11. Decision-making For Preventive Interventions In Asymptomatic Patients

Decision-Making for Preventive Interventions in Asymptomatic Patients

Andreas Raabe1, Urs Fischer2, Peter M Rothwell3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery (A.R., D.B., J. Goldberg, I.Z.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland.

Stroke
|June 24, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease

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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treating asymptomatic incidental findings requires careful risk-benefit analysis. An outcome-based approach, focusing on quality-adjusted life years, is superior to traditional risk-based methods for avoiding overtreatment.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Decision-Making
  • Clinical Risk Assessment
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Deciding on treatment for asymptomatic incidental findings is complex.
  • Balancing immediate intervention risks against long-term conservative management risks is crucial.
  • Current decision-making may lead to overtreatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common errors in risk-benefit analysis for asymptomatic incidental findings.
  • To propose an improved decision-making framework.
  • To advocate for an outcome-based approach over a risk-based one.

Main Methods:

  • Critique of the traditional risk-based approach using Kaplan-Meier curves.
  • Illustration of the limitations of the break-even point analysis.
  • Advocacy for an outcome-based approach measuring cumulative quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost.
Keywords:
asymptomatic diseasesdecision makingincidental findingsovertreatment

Related Experiment Videos

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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394
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Main Results:

  • Risk-based approaches, particularly relying on Kaplan-Meier curve crossing, can be misleading.
  • The timing of adverse events (immediate for intervention vs. gradual for conservative) impacts true benefit.
  • The cumulative loss of QALYs reveals a later emergence of treatment benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Overtreatment of asymptomatic diseases can be avoided by shifting from risk-based to outcome-based decision-making.
  • Cumulative quality-adjusted life years lost provide a more accurate measure of treatment benefit.
  • Clinical practice should prioritize outcome-based evaluation for incidental findings.
quality-adjusted life years