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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass
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THC Content on a Dry Weight Basis: Implications for Hemp Legality.

Frank J Sikora1, Solomon K Kariuki1, Robert C Pearce2

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|June 24, 2024
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Drying hemp at 70°C for 24 hours is the quickest method to prepare it for grinding without impacting total THC (THCTotal) levels. Calculating THCTotal on a dry weight basis offers no significant advantage over wet weight analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • The 2018 Farm Bill legally defines hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by its tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration, not exceeding 0.3% on a dry weight basis.
  • Total THC (THCTotal) encompasses both the acidic (Δ9-THCA) and neutral (Δ9-THC) forms of the compound.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal temperature and mass for rapidly preparing fresh hemp for grinding while preserving THCTotal integrity.
  • To analyze proficiency testing data to compare THCTotal content measurements on both dry and wet weight bases.

Main Methods:

  • Fresh hemp samples (150g and 400g) were subjected to freeze-drying or heat treatment at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C for up to 72 hours.
  • Moisture content was determined using AOAC 934.01, and THCTotal was quantified using LC/MS or GC/FID.
  • Proficiency testing data from 20-67 laboratories (2020-2022) on 12 analytical samples were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The most efficient drying method identified was 24 hours at 70°C with 150g of hemp, which did not alter THCTotal on a dry weight basis.
  • Proficiency testing samples exhibited 5.8%-11.4% moisture and 0.144%-0.399% THCTotal (wet weight basis).
  • The difference between THCTotal on dry versus wet weight bases was minimal (0.002%-0.027%), with significant variation in only one sample.

Conclusions:

  • Drying hemp at 70°C for 24 hours is an effective method for preparing it for grinding without affecting THCTotal content.
  • Calculating THCTotal on a dry weight basis is unnecessary due to minimal differences, interlaboratory variability, and potential terpene loss.