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  3. Capturing The Fusion Of Two Ancestries And Kinship Structures In Merovingian Flanders.
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  3. Capturing The Fusion Of Two Ancestries And Kinship Structures In Merovingian Flanders.

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Capturing the fusion of two ancestries and kinship structures in Merovingian Flanders.

Stefania Sasso1, Lehti Saag1, Rachèl Spros2,3

  • 1Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 24, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic analysis of Merovingian-era human remains reveals two distinct ancestries in coastal Belgium, indicating admixture and long-term population continuity. This study sheds light on early medieval population movements and genetic heritage in Flanders.

Keywords:
Merovingianancestryancient DNAkinship

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogenomics
  • Archaeogenetics
  • European Prehistory

Background:

  • The Merovingian period (5th-8th c. AD) was a transformative era in Western Europe.
  • Understanding population dynamics and genetic landscapes of this period is crucial for historical reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic ancestry and population structure of human remains from the Merovingian period in Flanders, Belgium.
  • To explore admixture patterns and kinship structures within coastal Merovingian communities.
  • To assess the genetic legacy of the Merovingian period on subsequent medieval populations.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of 48 human skeletal remains from Koksijde and other Belgian sites.
  • Ancient DNA analysis to determine genetic ancestry and population affinities.
  • Kinship analyses to reconstruct social structures and identify familial relationships.
  • Stable isotope analysis to complement genetic findings and infer migration patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of two primary ancestries: one shared with Early Medieval England/Netherlands, and a minor component of continental Gaulish origin.
    • Kinship analyses revealed high modularity of distant relationships in the main ancestry group, with no close kin links among individuals of >90% Gaulish ancestry.
    • Evidence of ongoing admixture within the Koksijde community, suggesting integration of inland migrants into an established coastal population.
    • Significant allele frequency differences in pigmentation and diet-associated variants (e.g., lactase persistence) between the two ancestry groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The burials represent an established coastal, non-elite community that incorporated migrants from inland populations.
    • Long-term genetic continuity was observed between the Late Merovingian Koksijde site and a nearby High Medieval site.
    • Early Medieval ancestry shifts had a lasting impact on the genetic makeup of the Flemish population, similar to patterns observed in Britain.
    • Observed genetic differences likely reflect ancestry changes rather than local adaptation.