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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
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Corneal innervation changes ın Alzheimer's: implications for sensory dysfunction.

Ali Osman Gundogan1, Refik Oltulu2, Selman Belviranli2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey. aogundogan@hotmail.com.

International Ophthalmology
|June 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's patients show reduced corneal nerves and sensitivity compared to healthy individuals. These corneal changes may aid in early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and monitoring.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseCorneal sensitivityCorneal subbasal nerve plexusEsthesiometerIn vivo corneal confocal microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Corneal nerves play a role in sensory function and ocular health.
  • Investigating peripheral nerve changes may offer insights into systemic neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare corneal subbasal nerve plexus (CSNP) parameters and corneal sensitivity between AD patients and healthy controls.
  • To assess the potential of corneal nerve changes as biomarkers for AD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 22 AD patients and 18 healthy controls.
  • In vivo confocal microscopy used to measure CSNP parameters: nerve fiber length (NFL), nerve fiber density (NFD), and nerve branch density (NBD).
  • Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer employed to evaluate corneal sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • AD patients exhibited significantly lower NFL, NFD, and NBD compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all).
  • Corneal sensitivity was also significantly reduced in the AD group (p < 0.001).
  • These findings indicate a parallel decrease in corneal nerves and sensitivity in AD.

Conclusions:

  • Corneal nerve damage and reduced sensitivity are significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
  • Corneal nerve plexus assessment and sensitivity testing may serve as valuable tools for early AD diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Ocular surface complications secondary to these neurodegenerative changes warrant clinical consideration.