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Malaria in under-five children: prevalence and multi-factor analysis of high-risk African countries

Jackline Vicent Mbishi1, Suleiman Chombo2, Pankras Luoga2

  • 1Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. jvmbishi94@gmail.com.

BMC Public Health
|June 24, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Malaria affects 26.2% of children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal education and household wealth significantly reduce malaria risk in children, while rural living increases it.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Malaria remains a critical public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), disproportionately impacting children under five (UN5).
  • High morbidity and mortality rates persist despite global control efforts, necessitating a deeper understanding of contributing factors.
  • Identifying associations between various child, maternal, and household characteristics and malaria prevalence is vital for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of malaria among UN5 children in high-risk SSA countries.
  • To analyze the association of childhood, maternal, and household factors with malaria prevalence in this vulnerable group.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of weighted data from 35,624 UN5 children across seven high-prevalence SSA countries (2010-2023 Malaria Indicator Surveys).
  • Descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression were employed to assess factor associations.
  • Statistical significance was determined at a 5% level using Stata 15.

Main Results:

  • Pooled malaria prevalence among UN5 children was 26.2%, with significant variations across countries.
  • Factors associated with lower malaria risk included higher maternal education and Fansidar use during pregnancy.
  • Children from wealthier households and urban residences had lower malaria prevalence compared to those from poorer households and rural areas.

Conclusions:

  • Malaria prevalence in UN5 children in SSA is significantly influenced by maternal education, pregnancy interventions, socioeconomic status, and residency.
  • Targeted prevention strategies addressing these determinants are essential for reducing the malaria burden.
  • Findings emphasize the need for integrated approaches to combat malaria in vulnerable young populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
MalariaParasitemiaUnder-five childrenmRDTsub-saharan Africa

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