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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
873
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

929
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

493
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

343
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Introduction Cardiac Emergencies01:30

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

565
Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice
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Influenza Infection and Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Annemarijn R de Boer1, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman2, Denise van Hout1

  • 1Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

NEJM Evidence
|June 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Influenza infection significantly increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction, particularly in those without prior heart disease history. This finding highlights the cardiovascular impact of flu, emphasizing the need for preventative measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute respiratory infections, including influenza, are known triggers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • Quantifying the association between laboratory-confirmed influenza and AMI is crucial, especially considering pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between laboratory-confirmed influenza infection and the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.
  • To investigate this association in patients with and without a history of coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, registry-based, self-controlled case series study design was employed.
  • Data from national registries on laboratory-confirmed influenza (via PCR) and AMI diagnoses were linked.
  • The incidence of AMI during a risk period (1-7 days post-infection) was compared to a control period (1 year prior and 51 weeks after).

Main Results:

  • A total of 23,405 influenza illness episodes were identified between 2008-2019.
  • The adjusted relative incidence of AMI during the risk period post-influenza was 6.16 compared to the control period.
  • Individuals without prior CAD hospitalization showed a significantly higher relative incidence (16.60) compared to those with prior CAD hospitalization (1.43).

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory-confirmed influenza infection is associated with a substantially increased risk of acute myocardial infarction.
  • This risk is particularly elevated in individuals without a history of coronary artery disease hospitalization.