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Flexible automated system for laser modified layer by layer assembly.

Kaelyn Leake¹, Tristan Eberbach¹, Alexander Stensland¹

¹Department of Physics, The Citadel - The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29409, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|June 25, 2024

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Three-dimensional control of layer by layer thin films via laser modification.

Nanotechnology·2022

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An automated system for laser-modified layer-by-layer assembly was developed. This robotic system fabricates patterned thin films, demonstrating its capability with electrochromic devices.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Robotics

Background:

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile technique for fabricating thin films.
Precise control over patterning and film properties in LbL assembly remains a challenge.
Automation can enhance reproducibility and enable complex film architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate an open-source, automated system for laser-modified LbL assembly.
To enable the fabrication of laser-patterned thin films with controlled thickness variations.
To showcase the system's utility in creating functional electrochromic devices.

Main Methods:

An Arduino microcontroller-based robotic system with a stepper motor-controlled turntable for solution dipping.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Laser-induced Forward Transfer for Flip-chip Packaging of Single Dies

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Integration of a semiconductor laser for in-situ modification of thin film thickness during LbL cycles.

Software control over laser parameters (power, time) and substrate/laser positioning for precise patterning.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of laser-patterned, 50-bilayer thin films using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium poly[2-(3-thienyl)-ethoxy-4-butylsulfonate].
Demonstrated patterning of an electrochromic device in the shape of a 'C' using controlled laser irradiation.
Fabricated a second device with five parallel lines of varying thicknesses (up to 30 nm difference) achieved by adjusting laser power.

Conclusions:

The developed open-source automated system offers a flexible platform for laser-modified LbL assembly.
The system enables precise control over thin film patterning and thickness, crucial for device fabrication.
This automated approach facilitates the creation of complex nanostructured materials and functional devices.