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Harnessing nanomedicine for modulating microglial states in the central nervous system disorders: Challenges and
Haisong Li1, Meng Guan2, Ning-Ning Zhang3
1Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Abstract:
Microglia are essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). Their dynamic and multidimensional states in different environments are pivotal factors in various CNS disorders. However, therapeutic modulation of microglial states is challenging due to the intricate balance these cells maintain in the CNS environment and the blood-brain barrier's restriction of drug delivery. Nanomedicine presents a promising avenue for addressing these challenges, offering a method for the targeted and efficient modulation of microglial states. This review covers the challenges faced in microglial therapeutic modulation and potential use of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. We provide an in-depth examination of nanoparticle applications for modulating microglial states in a range of CNS disorders, encompassing neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, infections, traumatic injuries, stroke, tumors, chronic pain, and psychiatric conditions. This review highlights the recent advancements and future prospects in nanomedicine for microglial modulation, paving the way for future research and clinical applications of therapeutic interventions in CNS disorders.
Insights
Nanomedicine offers targeted modulation of microglia, essential immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). This approach addresses challenges in treating CNS disorders by overcoming the blood-brain barrier for effective microglial state manipulation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Microglia are crucial for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and pathological responses.
- Microglial states significantly influence various CNS disorders, but their therapeutic modulation is complex.
- The blood-brain barrier impedes effective drug delivery for microglial-targeted therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review challenges in therapeutic microglial modulation.
- To explore the potential of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for microglial modulation.
- To examine nanomedicine applications across diverse CNS disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nanomedicine strategies for microglial modulation.
- Analysis of nanoparticle applications in neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, infections, injuries, stroke, tumors, chronic pain, and psychiatric conditions.
- Examination of recent advancements and future prospects.
Main Results:
- Nanomedicine provides targeted and efficient methods for modulating microglial states.
- Nanoparticle drug delivery systems can overcome blood-brain barrier limitations.
- Successful modulation of microglial states using nanomedicine is demonstrated across a spectrum of CNS pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Nanomedicine holds significant promise for overcoming challenges in microglial therapeutic modulation.
- Targeted nanoparticle delivery offers a viable strategy for treating a wide range of CNS disorders.
- Further research and clinical translation of nanomedicine for microglial modulation are warranted.
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