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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
Published on: April 18, 2025
Blood Pressure Management for Hypotensive Patients in Intensive Care and Perioperative Cardiovascular Settings
Yuki Kotani1, Jacopo D'Andria Ursoleo2, Carlotta Pia Murru2
1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.
Abstract:
Blood pressure is a critical physiological parameter, particularly in the context of cardiac intensive care and perioperative settings. As a primary indicator of organ perfusion, the maintenance of adequate blood pressure is imperative for the assurance of sufficient tissue oxygen delivery. Among critically ill and major surgery patients, the continuous monitoring of blood pressure is performed as a standard practice for patients. Nonetheless, uncertainties remain regarding blood pressure goals, and there is no consensus regarding blood pressure targets. This review describes the determinants of blood pressure, examine the influence of blood pressure on organ perfusion, and synthesize the current clinical evidence from various intensive care and perioperative settings to provide a concise guidance for daily clinical practice.
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