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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.3K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
3.3K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles01:13

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles

2.4K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
2.4K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

5.9K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
5.9K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

32.2K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
32.2K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.8K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.8K

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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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High-pressure synthesis of Ruddlesden-Popper nitrides.

M Weidemann1, D Werhahn1, C Mayer1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Nature Chemistry
|June 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel single-layer Ruddlesden-Popper nitrides using high-pressure methods. These materials exhibit diverse structural, electronic, and magnetic properties, expanding the possibilities for layered nitride discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Layered perovskites with Ruddlesden-Popper structures are crucial for low-dimensional properties in materials like photovoltaic iodides and superconducting oxides.
  • Stabilizing analogous nitrides is challenging due to the high cation oxidation states needed to balance anion charges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel single-layer Ruddlesden-Popper nitrides.
  • To explore the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of these new nitride materials.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure synthesis was employed to create the target nitride compounds.
  • Structural characterization and property analysis were performed on the synthesized materials.

Main Results:

  • Three single-layer Ruddlesden-Popper nitrides were successfully synthesized: Pr₂ReN₄, Nd₂ReN₄, and Ce₂TaN₄.
  • Pr₂ReN₄ and Nd₂ReN₄ are metallic, with Nd₂ReN₄ showing ferromagnetic order below 15 K.
  • Ce₂TaN₄ exhibits a structural transition, local distortions, and magnetic ordering linked to charge ordering correlations.

Conclusions:

  • High-pressure synthesis is an effective route for preparing Ruddlesden-Popper nitrides with diverse properties.
  • This work opens avenues for the discovery and development of new layered nitride materials.