Nanocarriers: Exploring the Potential of Oligonucleotide Delivery

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as promising tools in oligonucleotide therapeutics, facilitating precise and targeted delivery to address several disease conditions. The multifaceted landscape of nanoparticle-based oligonucleotide delivery encompasses the fundamental aspects of nanotechnology in delivery systems, various classes of oligonucleotides, and the growing field of ON-based therapeutics. These ON-based therapeutics are utilized to target specific genetic sequences within cells, offering promising avenues for treating various diseases by regulating gene expression or interfering with specific cellular processes. The integration of nanotechnology in delivery systems offers several advantages, given their intricate systems. Being a diverse class of agents, oligonucleotides provide a wide range of potential owed to each class of agents that support therapeutic interventions. Oligonucleotide-based platforms have demonstrated their versatility in molecular targeting and intervention strategies. Moreover, the complexities and delivery challenges in oligonucleotide therapeutics are expected to be overcome by the application of nanotechnology-based platforms.Because nanoparticles can overcome biological barriers and improve bioavailability, stability, and specificity, their role in developing oligonucleotide delivery systems is greatly valued. The innovative solutions facilitated by nanoparticles are efficient strategies to address the arduous barriers. These strategies beat obstacles like enzymatic degradation, cellular uptake, and immune response, which in turn paves the way for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review paper intends to explore the various applications of nanoparticle-mediated oligonucleotide delivery in a variety of diseases. It outlines the promising growth of therapies enabled by these systems, extending from cancer to genetic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. We have underscored the pivotal role of nanoparticle-based delivery systems in uncovering the full potential of oligonucleotide therapeutics, thereby fostering advancements in precision medicine and targeted therapies.