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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing
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Cancer fusion transcripts with human non-coding RNAs.

Tharaa Mohammad1,2, Marianna A Zolotovskaia1,2,3, Maria V Suntsova3

  • 1Laboratory for Translational and Genomic Bioinformatics, Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia.

Frontiers in Oncology
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer fusion genes, including non-coding RNA fusions, play key roles in tumor development. Understanding these oncogenic events is crucial for developing new cancer detection and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
cancercarcinogenesischimeric RNAschromosomal rearrangementsfusion oncogeneslncRNAlong non-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chromosomal aberrations create cancer fusion transcripts by combining normal genes.
  • Fusion genes can be drivers, regulating tumor cell growth, or passengers with no specific function.
  • Research has primarily focused on fusion proteins, but non-coding RNA (ncRNA) fusions also show oncogenic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review frequent classes of ncRNA fusions in cancer.
  • To summarize the current understanding of their functional roles in oncogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of ncRNA fusions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ncRNA fusions in cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which ncRNA fusions contribute to cancer.
  • Discussion of implications for cancer detection and therapy.

Main Results:

  • ncRNA fusions can alter ncRNA levels or promote protein expression from fused protein-coding genes.
  • Differential splicing contributes to diverse cancer chimeric transcripts, including circular and long non-coding RNA fusions.
  • ncRNA fusions are increasingly recognized as significant in cancer biology.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNA fusions represent a critical area of cancer research with implications for diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further investigation into ncRNA fusions is warranted for advancing cancer treatment strategies.
  • ncRNA fusions offer potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oncology.