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Mechanism, structural and functional insights into nidovirus-induced double-membrane vesicles
Xi Wang1, Yiwu Chen1, Chunyun Qi1
1Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|June 26, 2024
Summary
Positive-stranded RNA viruses induce host cell membrane rearrangements to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) for replication. Nidovirus nonstructural proteins (nsps) are key to DMV biogenesis, offering potential antiviral targets.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Positive-stranded RNA viruses reorganize host cell membranes to create replication platforms.
- Double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) are critical structures for viral genome replication.
- Nidoviruses, a complex group of RNA viruses, infect diverse hosts and utilize distinct replication strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms of double-membrane vesicle (DMV) formation in nidovirus infections.
- To understand the role of nidovirus nonstructural proteins (nsps) in DMV biogenesis.
- To explore the involvement of host factors in viral-induced membrane rearrangements.
Main Methods:
- Investigating the interplay between viral nonstructural proteins (nsps) and host cellular machinery.
- Analyzing the hijacking of host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus membranes.
- Studying the contribution of autophagy and lipid synthesis pathways to DMV formation.
Main Results:
- Nidovirus nsps are essential for inducing the formation of DMVs.
- Viral nsps manipulate host membrane rearrangement processes, including those involving ER and Golgi.
- Host factors related to autophagy and lipid synthesis pathways participate in DMV biogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Understanding DMV formation is crucial for nidovirus replication.
- Nidovirus nsps are central players in creating replication sites.
- Targeting DMV formation mechanisms may lead to novel antiviral strategies against nidoviruses.
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