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Fluctuation Theorems for Heat Exchanges between Passive and Active Baths.

Massimiliano Semeraro1, Antonio Suma1, Giuseppe Negro1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study numerically measures active bath temperature using fluctuation theorems. Results show fluctuation theorems hold for active baths, with temperature depending on heat definition.

Keywords:
active bathfluctuation theoremheat exchangeout-of-equilibrium systemsout-of-equilibrium temperatures

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
  • Active Matter Physics

Background:

  • Fluctuation theorems provide constraints on probability distributions and reveal temperature's role in heat exchange.
  • Measuring temperature in out-of-equilibrium systems is crucial for understanding their dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically measure the temperature of an out-of-equilibrium active bath.
  • To investigate the applicability of fluctuation theorems to active baths using two heat definitions.
  • To analyze the relationship between fluctuation-derived temperature and kinetic temperature in active systems.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical simulation of a single particle in a quartic potential interacting with two baths.
  • Utilizing fluctuation theorems to relate heat exchanged between baths to their temperatures.
  • Defining heat exchange via particle kinetic energy during jumps and work done by the particle within a bath.

Main Results:

  • A fluctuation theorem is verified for two equilibrium baths at different temperatures.
  • The fluctuation theorem holds for an active bath (non-equilibrium) with both heat definitions.
  • The temperature derived from the fluctuation theorem for the active bath matches kinetic temperature for one definition but exceeds it for another.

Conclusions:

  • Fluctuation theorems are applicable to active baths, offering insights into their thermodynamic properties.
  • The choice of heat definition influences the inferred temperature of an active bath.
  • Particle jump phenomenology is key to interpreting the discrepancies in temperature measurements for active baths.