Molecular Biomarkers of Canine Reproductive Functions

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Science
• Reproductive Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Male reproductive health in dogs is crucial for breeding management.
• Infertility in dogs can stem from impaired sperm function or reproductive tract issues.
• Molecular biomarkers of reproductive functions (BRFs) offer insights into canine male reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review potential molecular biomarker substances for assessing dog semen quality.
• To consolidate current knowledge on BRFs for canine reproductive assessments.
• To provide a foundation for developing practical tests for canine reproductive biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of scientific literature on molecular biomarkers in dog semen.
• Categorization of biomarkers into proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ions.
• Analysis of well-studied and less-studied protein biomarkers.

Main Results:

• Proteins (e.g., AKAPs, ALBs, CPSE), lipids, carbohydrates, and ions (e.g., zinc) can serve as BRFs.
• BRF levels in semen provide insights into sperm function and reproductive tract health.
• Biomarkers aid in identifying infertility risk factors and guiding breeding management.

Conclusions:

• Assessing BRFs in dog semen is valuable for reproductive evaluations and breeding.
• This review systematizes knowledge, paving the way for practical diagnostic tests.
• Biomarkers hold predictive value for assisted reproductive techniques and semen preservation.