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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Depression Accompanied by Hopelessness Is Associated with More Negative Future Thinking.

Hailong Han1, Akira Midorikawa2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hopelessness worsens negative future thinking in depression, even in non-clinical cases. Interventions targeting negative future thinking may benefit those with hopelessness depression.

Keywords:
depressionepisodic future thinkingfuture thinking taskhopelessnesshopelessness depression

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Depression is linked to negative future thinking.
  • Episodic future thinking (EFT) is crucial in understanding depressive symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between depression, hopelessness, and EFT.
  • To identify cognitive biases in future thinking among depressed individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified future thinking task (FTT).
  • Administered the Beck Hopelessness Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II.
  • Analyzed EFT differences across depression and hopelessness levels in Japanese university students.

Main Results:

  • Non-depressed individuals showed reduced positive EFT.
  • Comorbid depression and hopelessness significantly decreased positive EFT and increased negative EFT.
  • Hopelessness exacerbates negative cognitive biases in depression.

Conclusions:

  • Hopelessness is a critical independent factor in assessing EFT.
  • Future-directed therapy (FDT) may effectively target negative future thinking in hopelessness depression.
  • Interventions should focus on modifying negative future thinking for improved quality of life.