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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice
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Does Phage Therapy Need a Pan-Phage?

Petros Bozidis1,2, Eleftheria Markou2, Athanasia Gouni2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising approach to combatting drug-resistant bacteria. Understanding and manipulating bacteriophage host range is crucial for effective treatment strategies against bacterial infections.

Keywords:
bacteriophagebroad host rangehost rangemonovalent phagenarrow host rangephage therapypolyvalent phage

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a significant global health threat.
  • Bacteriophage therapy, using lytic viruses to target bacteria, is an emerging treatment strategy.
  • Challenges remain in ensuring phage therapy's efficacy and broad application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss factors influencing bacteriophage host range.
  • To categorize phages based on their host range and applications.
  • To review methods for expanding bacteriophage host range.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions.
  • Classification of bacteriophages by host range.
  • Review of sequential adaptation and genetic engineering for host range expansion.

Main Results:

  • Host range is a critical factor in bacteriophage classification and application.
  • Different bacteriophage host range groups offer distinct therapeutic potentials.
  • Methodologies for host range manipulation are advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Defining and manipulating bacteriophage host range is key to successful phage therapy.
  • Phage therapy holds promise for treating bacterial infections caused by resistant strains.
  • Further research into host range expansion will broaden therapeutic applications.