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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Resistance Training Causes the Stretch-Induced Force Deficit-A Randomized Cross-Over Study.

Konstantin Warneke1,2, Katharina Turau3, Lars Hubertus Lohmann4,5

  • 1Institute of Human Movement Science and Exercise, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Both calf stretching and resistance training similarly impact calf muscle strength and range of motion (ROM). Further research is needed to explore fatigue and warm-up effects on these responses.

Keywords:
acute stretchingcalf muscledose–response relationshipmaximal strengthrange of motion

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Stretch-induced force deficit is often linked to EMG reductions.
  • Alternative explanations, such as general fatigue from muscle overloading, warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of calf stretching with an exhaustive calf raise program on strength and stretching responses.
  • To investigate acute stretch-specific strength capacity loss versus general fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • 16 participants underwent stretching (10, 20, 30 min) and resistance training (RT) to failure in a crossover design.
  • Strength was measured via isometric plantar flexor diagnostics.
  • Flexibility was assessed using the knee-to-wall (KtW) test and goniometry.

Main Results:

  • RT-induced strength decreases were greater than 10 and 20 min of stretching but similar to 30 min.
  • Isolated range of motion (ROM) improved with stretching but not with RT.
  • KtW test showed no specific stretch-induced ROM increases.

Conclusions:

  • Both stretching and RT interventions demonstrated comparable effects on calf muscle strength and ROM.
  • Fatigue and warm-up effects require further investigation for a comprehensive understanding.