Recapitulation of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Prevalence in Small Ruminant Populations of Pakistan from 2004 to...

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Epidemiology
• Infectious Disease Ecology
• Animal Health Economics

Background:

• Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting small ruminants like sheep and goats.
• PPR poses a significant threat to livestock populations and the livelihoods dependent on them in Pakistan.
• Understanding the regional distribution and prevalence of PPR is crucial for effective disease control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the regional occurrence of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants across Pakistan.
• To identify key factors contributing to the prevalence of PPR in the region.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of PPR epidemiology in Pakistan based on published literature.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a systematic literature search for studies on PPR in Pakistani small ruminants published between January 2004 and August 2023.
• Applied specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant research articles.
• Calculated pooled prevalence estimates for PPR across Pakistan and its various regions using meta-analysis.

Main Results:

• A total of 25 articles were selected, revealing an overall pooled prevalence of 51% for PPR in Pakistan.
• Significant regional variations were observed, with Sindh showing the highest pooled prevalence (61%) and KPK at 44%.
• High heterogeneity was noted across studies, indicating variability in PPR occurrence and reporting.

Conclusions:

• PPR is highly prevalent in Pakistan's small ruminant population, with significant regional disparities.
• Effective disease control necessitates increased awareness, robust surveillance systems, and stringent interprovincial/international quarantine measures.
• Continued research and monitoring are essential to adapt control strategies to the evolving epidemiology of PPR.