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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Corrin Ring Modifications Reveal the Chemical and Spatial Requirements for the B12-btuB Riboswitch Interaction.

Anastasia Musiari1, María Reichenbach1, Sofia Gallo1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 26, 2024
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The btuB riboswitch regulates gene expression by binding vitamin B12 (AdoCbl). Modifications to vitamin B12

Keywords:
FootprintingRNARiboswitchVitamin B12 derivatives

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The btuB riboswitch controls the expression of the BtuB outer membrane vitamin B12 transporter.
  • Riboswitches sensing vitamin B12 (cobalamin) are classified into subclasses based on ligand size.
  • The btuB riboswitch belongs to Class I, specifically binding adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of side chains b and e of vitamin B12 in the recognition and structural switching of the btuB riboswitch.
  • To determine how chemical modifications of these side chains affect ligand-RNA binding affinity and riboswitch function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in-line probing to monitor the effects of chemical modifications on RNA structure and dynamics.
  • Synthesizing and testing chemically modified vitamin B12 analogs and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl).

Main Results:

  • Chemical modifications at side chain b of vitamin B12 significantly impacted B12-RNA interactions and binding affinity.
  • The same modifications had a reduced effect when introduced to AdoCbl, suggesting a more complex recognition mechanism.
  • The adenosyl moiety of AdoCbl plays a critical role in btuB riboswitch recognition beyond just binding affinity.

Conclusions:

  • The adenosyl group of AdoCbl is crucial for the specific recognition and proper structural switching of the btuB riboswitch.
  • Vitamin B12 side chain interactions with the riboswitch are essential for precise gene regulation.
  • These findings deepen the understanding of riboswitch-ligand interactions and B12 transport regulation.