Randomized split-mouth clinical trial comparing osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous particle
Fabio Camacho-Alonso1, Ana María Mercado-Díaz1, Rebeca Rivas-Ballester1
1Department of Oral Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Objective:
To compare the osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous particle harvesting during implant surgery using low-speed drilling without irrigation and high-speed drilling with irrigation.
Materials And Methods:
Thirty patients with bilateral missing teeth of 3.6 and 4.6 were randomized into two groups (Group 1: low-speed drilling without irrigation and Group 2: high-speed drilling with irrigation) and 60 single dental implants were placed. The temperature at the tip of each drill was recorded and the harvested bone was weighed; particle size and Ca and P levels were also analyzed. After osteoblast culture, cell viability, cell cycle assay, cell migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration, and mineralized nodule formation were assessed.
Results:
Although the temperature of the drills was slightly higher in Group 1, no statistically significant differences were observed (p ≤ 0.05); however, the amount of harvested bone was higher (p < 0.001) and the size of the particles was higher (p = 0.019). In relation to osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential, higher cell proliferation, higher number of cells in G2/M and S phases, higher cell migration capacity, higher VEGF concentration, and higher amount of mineralized nodule formation were observed in Group 1.
Conclusions:
Low-speed drilling without irrigation does not result in a significant increase in bone temperature compared to conventional drilling. However, a greater amount of bone is obtained; in addition, osteoblastic activity and osteogenic potential are higher with this technique, but further clinical studies are necessary.
