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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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Ultra-high Performance Thermochromic Polymers via a Solid-solid Phase Transition Mechanism and Their Applications.

Xiang Yun Debbie Soo1, Danwei Zhang1, Sze Yu Tan1

  • 1Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel polymer thermochromic material that transitions from opaque to transparent with temperature changes. This material offers ultra-high optical transparency and solar modulation, enhancing energy efficiency in applications like smart windows.

Keywords:
3D‐printingsmart windowssolid‐solid phase transitionthermal energy storagethermochromismthermoelectric devicesthermo‐regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Thermochromic materials are crucial for energy-efficient applications, with current research focusing on sustainability.
  • Traditional thermochromic materials like vanadium oxides and leuco dyes have limitations.
  • Hydrogels offer promise but new mechanisms are sought for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To disclose a distinct thermochromic mechanism based on crystalline solid to amorphous solid polymer transition.
  • To develop a material with ultra-high optical transparency and solar modulation capabilities.
  • To demonstrate the tunability of the transition temperature and its application potential.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated a crystalline solid to amorphous solid polymer phase transition for thermochromism.
  • Quantified optical transparency (Tlum) and solar modulation (ΔTsolar) properties.
  • Tuned the transition temperature by modifying the polymer structure.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultra-high optical transparency up to 99% (Tlum).
  • Observed ultra-high solar modulation up to 87% (ΔTsolar).
  • Demonstrated tunable transition temperatures ranging from 11 to 61°C.

Conclusions:

  • The novel polymer thermochromic material exhibits exceptional optical and solar modulating properties.
  • Tunable transition temperatures allow for versatile applications in smart windows, greenhouses, and thermoelectric devices.
  • The material acts as a thermal valve, enhancing energy absorption and reducing cooling, leading to significant performance improvements.