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Serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 as predictive biomarkers for HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative CHB patients undergoing
Xiyao Chen1,2, Boxiang Zhang1,2, Xin Song1,2
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Insights
Predicting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance in chronic hepatitis B patients is crucial. Increased soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) and HBsAg decline at 24 weeks effectively predict HBsAg clearance with Peg-IFN treatment.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires improved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance strategies.
- Current treatments need better predictive markers for treatment success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) as predictors of HBsAg clearance.
- To assess these markers in HBeAg-negative CHB patients receiving peginterferon (Peg-IFN)-based therapy.
Main Methods:
- 280 HBeAg-negative CHB patients treated with Peg-IFNα were analyzed.
- Serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were measured at baseline and at 12, 24, and 48 weeks.
- Logistic regression identified predictors for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks.
Main Results:
- Lower baseline sPD-L1 levels were observed in the clearance group.
- An increase in sPD-L1 levels by week 24 was noted only in the clearance group.
- Multivariate analysis identified sPD-L1 increase and HBsAg decline at 24 weeks as significant predictors (AUROC 0.907).
Conclusions:
- Trends in sPD-1/sPD-L1 show an inverse relationship with HBsAg clearance during Peg-IFN and NA treatment.
- HBsAg reduction magnitude and sPD-L1 increase are significant predictors of HBsAg clearance.
- These biomarkers offer valuable predictive insights for CHB treatment outcomes.
Background And Aims:
For chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, there is still a need to improve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance rates. This study aimed to assess the predictive effectiveness of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) for HBsAg clearance in HBeAg-negative CHB patients undergoing peginterferon (Peg-IFN)-based antiviral treatment.
Methods:
This study encompassed 280 patients undergoing treatment with Peg-IFNα. Serum levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were measured using ELISA kits at baseline, as well as at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination of HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of HBsAg clearance.
Results:
The clearance group demonstrated significantly lower serum sPD-L1 levels compared to the non-clearance group. While both groups exhibited an increase in sPD-1 levels, only the clearance group showed a rise in sPD-L1 levels. Multivariate analysis identified sPD-L1 increase at 24 weeks, and HBsAg decline at 24 weeks as predictors for HBsAg clearance at 48 weeks. The combined use of these indicators showed a predictive performance for HBsAg clearance with an AUROC of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.861-0.953, p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
The study revealed an inverse relationship between the trends of sPD-1/sPD-L1 and HBsAg clearance during combined IFN and NAs treatment. Moreover, the magnitude of HBsAg reduction and sPD-L1 increase emerged as significant predictors for HBsAg clearance.
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