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Type 1 diabetes mellitus and sperm quality: A case-control study
Andrea Delbarba1, Valentina Anelli1, Francesca Bambini1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD of Endocrinology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Andrology
|June 26, 2024
Summary
Men with type 1 diabetes (DM1) experience significantly reduced sperm quality and fertility. This study highlights the impact of DM1 on male reproductive health, emphasizing the need for specialized counseling.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Andrology
- Diabetology
Background:
- The impact of type 1 diabetes (DM1) on male fertility is not well-defined.
- Hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency may impair spermatogenesis.
- Existing evidence suggests potential reductions in sperm motility and morphology in men with DM1.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the effects of DM1 on clinical and semen analysis parameters related to male fertility.
Main Methods:
- An observational case-control study compared 42 men with DM1 to 43 non-diabetic controls.
- Comprehensive andrological evaluations included medical history, physical exams, and semen analysis.
- Biochemical data, sperm cultures, scrotal ultrasounds, and validated questionnaires (IIEF-5, AMS) were utilized.
Main Results:
- Men with DM1 showed higher rates of infertility and erectile dysfunction.
- Significantly lower semen volume, total sperm count, and total/progressive sperm motility were observed in the DM1 group.
- Increased anti-sperm antibodies, higher Aging Male Symptom (AMS) scores, and elevated FSH levels were noted in DM1 patients.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative damage, seminal infections, and neurological changes may contribute to semen alterations in DM1.
- These findings underscore the importance of andrological-reproductive counseling for men with DM1.
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