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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

Mitochondrial origins.

D Yang, Y Oyaizu, H Oyaizu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 1, 1985

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial origins trace back to alpha-subdivision purple bacteria, not beta-subdivision types. Analyzing ribosomal RNA sequences confirms the endosymbiotic relationship between early eukaryotes and specific prokaryotes.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics

Background:

The origin of mitochondria, essential eukaryotic organelles, is linked to endosymbiosis.
Understanding the specific prokaryotic ancestor of mitochondria is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the phylogenetic origin of the mitochondrial endosymbiont.
To differentiate between alpha and beta purple bacteria as the potential ancestor.

Main Methods:

Sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes.
Phylogenetic analysis of prokaryotic sequences.

Main Results:

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (alpha-subdivision) and Pseudomonas testosteroni (beta-subdivision) 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed.
The mitochondrial endosymbiont was confirmed to belong to the alpha-subdivision of purple bacteria.

Conclusions:

The endosymbiont that evolved into mitochondria originated from the alpha-subdivision of purple bacteria.
This group includes rhizobacteria, agrobacteria, and rickettsias, known for close associations with eukaryotic cells.